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Allopurinol
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Brand Name(s):Lopurin, Purinol, Zyloprim Drug Class:Antigout drug Available OTC?:NoAvailable Generic?:Yes | |
| |  Generic 300 mg (PAR) |
Available InTablets Why PrescribedTo treat chronic gout or excessive uric acid buildup caused by kidney disorders, cancer, or the use of chemotherapy drugs for cancer. Also prescribed to prevent recurrence of uric acid kidney stones. Allopurinol should not be used for treating acute gout attacks in progress. How It WorksAllopurinol blocks the enzyme xanthine oxidase, which is required for the production of uric acid, thus reducing blood levels of uric acid. Range and FrequencyAdults: Initially 100 mg per day, increased by 100 mg per week to a maximum of 800 mg per day. 100 mg doses are administered once a day; doses of 300 mg or more are taken in two or three evenly divided portions throughout the day. Children ages six to 10: 300 mg per day for certain types of cancer. Children age six and under: 50 mg per day in three evenly divided portions. Onset of EffectReduces uric acid levels in two to three days; may take six months for full effect to occur. Duration of Actionone to two weeks. Dietary AdviceTake it with food or milk to avoid stomach irritation. Drink 10 to 12 glasses (8 oz each) of water a day. StorageStore in a tightly sealed container away from heat and direct light. Missed DoseTake it as soon as you remember. However, if it is near the time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your regular dosage schedule. Do not double the next dose. Stopping the DrugTake allopurinol as prescribed for the full treatment period, even if you begin to feel better before the scheduled end of therapy. Prolonged UseConsult your doctor about the need for tests of liver function, kidney function, blood counts, and blood and urine levels of uric acid. Over 60Adverse reactions may be more likely and more severe in older patients. Driving and Hazardous WorkAllopurinol may cause drowsiness. If possible, avoid driving and hazardous work. AlcoholNo special precautions are necessary. PregnancyCaution is advised; consult your doctor about whether the benefits outweigh potential risks to the unborn child. Breast FeedingAllopurinol passes into breast milk; avoid or discontinue use while nursing. Infants and ChildrenFollow your doctor's instructions carefully for children. Overdose SymptomsNo specific symptoms have been reported. What to DoAn overdose of allopurinol is unlikely to be life-threatening. However, if someone takes a much larger dose than prescribed, contact your doctor, poison control center, or local emergency room for instructions. Drug InteractionsConsult your doctor for specific advice if you are taking an antibiotic (such as amoxicillin, ampicillin, or bacampicillin), an anticoagulant (warfarin, dicumarol), an anticancer (chemotherapy) drug, chlorpropamide, a diuretic, or theophylline. Food InteractionsNone are likely, but a low-purine diet is recommended to reduce the risk of gout attacks. Foods high in purines include anchovies, sardines, legumes, poultry, sweetbreads, liver, kidneys, and other organ meats. Disease InteractionsCaution is advised when taking allopurinol. Consult your doctor if you have high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, kidney disease, or impaired iron metabolism. Serious Side EffectsAnemia or other blood or bone marrow disorders that may produce fatigue, bleeding, or bruising; yellowish tinge to eyes or skin (signifying hepatitis or liver damage); severe skin reactions (marked by rashes, skin ulcers, hives, intense itching); chest tightness; weakness. Call your doctor right away if such symptoms arise. Common Side EffectsMild rash, drowsiness, nausea, diarrhea. The frequency of gout attacks may increase during the first weeks of use. Less Common Side EffectsHeadache, abdominal pain, boils on face, chills or fever, vomiting, hair loss. | |
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