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Acetazolamide
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Brand Name(s):Ak-Zol, Dazamide, Diamox, Diamox Sequels, Storzolamide Drug Class:Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; anticonvulsant Available OTC?:NoAvailable Generic?:Yes | |
| |  Diamox 500 mg (Storz) |
Available InTablets, extended-release capsules, injection Why PrescribedTo treat glaucoma, seizures, familial periodic paralysis; to prevent or treat mountain (altitude) sickness; to prevent one type of kidney stones. How It WorksFor glaucoma: Blocks the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, thus decreasing the normal secretion of fluid inside the eyeball. For seizures: Appears to reduce the firing of neurons in the brain. For paralysis: Stabilizes muscle membranes. For mountain sickness: Stimulates greater oxygen intake, improves blood flow to the brain, and improves release of oxygen from red blood cells. For kidney stones: Increases alkalinity of urine, which reduces stone formation. Range and FrequencyTablets-- For glaucoma: Adults: 250 mg, one to four times a day. Children: 4.5 to 6.8 mg per lb of body weight per day in divided doses. For seizures: 4.5 mg per lb daily in divided doses. For altitude sickness: 250 mg, two to four times a day. Extended-release capsules-- For glaucoma: 500 mg twice a day (morning and evening). For altitude sickness: 500 mg, one to two times a day. Injection-- For glaucoma: Adults: 500 mg once a day. Children: 2.3 to 4.5 mg per lb every six hours. Onset of EffectTablets: Within 60 to 90 minutes. Extended release capsules: two hours. Injection: two minutes. Duration of ActionTablets: eight to 12 hours. Extended-release capsules: 18 to 24 hours. Injection: four to five hours. Dietary AdviceTake oral acetazolamide with food or milk to avoid stomach upset. Tablets can be crushed and mixed with sweet foods to cover taste. (Do not crush extended-release capsules.) Eat foods high in potassium. StorageStore in a tightly sealed container away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Missed DoseTake it as soon as you remember. If it is near the time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your regular dosage schedule. Do not double the next dose. Stopping the DrugThe decision to stop taking the drug should be made by your doctor. Do not stop taking the drug abruptly. Prolonged UseProlonged use of this drug may require increased potassium intake. Over 60Adverse reactions may be more likely and more severe in older patients. Driving and Hazardous WorkDo not drive or engage in hazardous work until you determine how the medicine affects you. AlcoholAlcohol may interfere with seizure control. PregnancyAdequate studies have not been done; discuss the relative risks and benefits with your doctor. Breast FeedingIt may be necessary to switch medications or discontinue breast feeding. Infants and ChildrenNo problems are expected. Special ConcernsMay increase urine output, especially at first, as your body adapts to the drug. To keep this condition from disrupting sleep, take a single dose after breakfast if possible; if you take multiple daily doses, take the last one before 6 pm, unless your doctor instructs otherwise. Overdose SymptomsDrowsiness, numbness, nausea, thirst, vomiting, seizures, coma. What to DoCall your doctor, emergency medical services (EMS), or the nearest poison control center immediately. Drug InteractionsDo not take acetazolamide with high doses of aspirin or amphetamines, as this may be toxic. Do not take it if you are allergic to sulfa-type drugs. Consult your doctor if you are taking mecamylamine, quinidine, lithium, methenamine, or oral hypoglycemia agents. Food InteractionsAvoid black licorice. Include high- potassium foods such as bananas and citrus fruits in your diet. Disease InteractionsDo not take acetazolamide if you have serious liver or kidney disease, Addison's disease, low blood levels of potassium or sodium, or diabetes mellitus. Consult your doctor if you have gout or a lung disease such as emphysema, or a history of kidney stones. Serious Side EffectsBreathing difficulty, seizures, serious allergic reaction (hives, itching, swelling of eyes, lips, and throat). Common Side EffectsUnusual fatigue; diarrhea; increase in volume and frequency of urination; loss of appetite and weight; metallic taste in mouth; numbness, tingling, or prickling sensations in hands, feet, fingers, toes, lips, and elsewhere. Less Common Side EffectsWorsening nearsightedness, dark or bloody urine, painful urination, depression, lower back or flank pain, sudden decrease in urine output, unusual bruising or bleeding, bloody, black, pale, or tarry stools, confusion, clumsiness. | |
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